What is the term used to describe the phenomenon of the Arctic warming at twice the global average?
- A) Arctic inversion
- B) Arctic amplification
- C) Polar feedback
- D) Albedo effect
What greenhouse gas is primarily released due to permafrost thaw in the Arctic?
- A) Nitrous oxide
- B) Methane
- C) Sulfur dioxide
- D) Ozone
How does the melting of Arctic sea ice impact the albedo effect?
- A) Increases reflectivity of the Earth’s surface
- B) Decreases reflectivity, causing more heat absorption
- C) Has no impact on reflectivity
- D) Decreases absorption of solar radiation
What role do Arctic wildfires play in climate change?
- A) They cool the region by releasing aerosols.
- B) They release stored carbon into the atmosphere.
- C) They help sequester atmospheric CO₂.
- D) They primarily affect local air quality but have no global impact.
What substance, when deposited on Arctic ice, accelerates melting by reducing reflectivity?
- A) Methane
- B) Black carbon
- C) Nitrogen oxides
- D) Sulfur compounds
What global ocean circulation could be disrupted due to Arctic ice melt?
- A) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
- B) Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
- C) Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)
- D) Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)
Which of the following describes a key feedback mechanism in the Arctic due to warming?
- A) Arctic ecosystems sequester more carbon.
- B) Arctic ecosystems shift from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
- C) Melting ice decreases sea levels.
- D) Arctic temperatures stabilize faster than global temperatures.
What is one of the global weather impacts of a weakened polar jet stream due to Arctic warming?
- A) Increased monsoon intensity in tropical regions
- B) More extreme weather events in mid-latitudes
- C) Decreased hurricane activity
- D) Stabilization of seasonal weather patterns
Which of the following is a mitigation strategy to address Arctic emissions?
- A) Enhancing the use of fossil fuels for Arctic exploration
- B) Reducing global CO₂ and CH₄ emissions
- C) Expanding industrial activities in Arctic regions
- D) Promoting thawing of permafrost for land use
What international agreement aims to address global emissions, including those contributing to Arctic warming?
- A) Kyoto Protocol
- B) Paris Accord
- C) Montreal Protocol
- D) Rio Declaration
What is the primary effect of black carbon deposits on Arctic ice and snow?
- A) Increases the reflectivity of ice and snow
- B) Decreases the reflectivity, causing faster melting
- C) Prevents heat absorption by ice and snow
- D) Has no impact on ice and snow
What is a significant source of black carbon deposits in the Arctic?
- A) Ocean acidification
- B) Industrial activities and wildfires
- C) Methane release from permafrost
- D) Melting glaciers and sea ice
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